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Course Examination 2008

WORKING FOR HEALTH

Wednesday, 18 June 2008 2:30 pm – 5:30 pm Time allowed: 3 hours

You are required to answer ONE question from Part One and TWO questions from Part Two. Each question carries the same number of marks.

Write your answers in the answer book(s) provided. Start each question on a new sheet. If you have used more than one answer book, fasten them together with the paper clip provided.

At the end of the examination

Check that you have written your personal identifier and examination number on each answer book used. Failure to do so will mean that your papers cannot be identified.

Put your answer books together with your signed desk record on top. Fix them all together with the paper fastener provided.

Question 1

Can the biomedical model fully explain health? Discuss this question with reference to either relationships or housing

Answer (some part)

The biomedical model

A biomedical model is a substitute for a human biologic system, that can be used to understand normal and abnormal function from gene to phenotype and to provide a basis for preventive or therapeutic intervention in human diseases. The biomedical model is relevant for many disease-based illnesses, has intuitive appeal, and is supported by a wealth of supporting biological findings. By embracing reductionism, however, biomedical models of illness combine several closely related sets of beliefs. These can be summarised as follows:

• All illness and all symptoms and signs arise from an underlying abnormality within the body (usually in the functioning or structure of specific organs), referred to as a disease
• All diseases give rise to symptoms, eventually if not initially, and although other factors may influence
• the consequences of the disease, they are not related to its development or manifestations
• Health is the absence of disease
• Mental phenomena, such as emotional disturbance or delusions, are separate from and unrelated to other disturbances of bodily function
• The patient is a victim of circumstance with little or no responsibility for the presence or cause of the illness
• The patient is a passive recipient of treatment, although cooperation with treatment is expected.

The biomedical model cannot fully explain health this is because it doesn't take into consideration the effect of social and environmental factors such as relationship pattern in the individual's life and other economic factors such as employment in the development of illness. It also doesn't recognise that psychological and social factors influence a patient's perceptions and actions and therefore, the experience of what it feels like to be ill.

How Does Housing Affect Health?

Healthy homes promote good physical and mental health. Good health depends on having homes that are safe and free from physical hazards. In contrast, poor quality and inadequate housing contributes to health problems such as chronic diseases and injuries and can have harmful effects on childhood development. Poor indoor air quality, lead paint, and other hazards often coexist in homes, placing children and families at high risk to multiple health problems.

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Question 2

Drawing on the case study of childbirth, discuss whether or not it is important to take account of lay people's concerns about health.

Question 3

How can different ways of measuring stressful experiences help us understand the relationship between stress and health?

Question 4

How do informal carers contribute to overall healthcare?

Question 5

In what ways have government policies tackled inequalities in health?

Question 6.  

How and why has health care provision changed in the past two decades in the UK?

Question 7

In what ways can self-care reduce the costs of the NHS?

Question 8

What are the different perspectives on injuries due to road traffic accidents, and how do they differ?

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Last updated: Sep 02, 2021 03:16 PM